Wood glue is a versatile and commonly used adhesive that is perfect for bonding wood materials and creating strong and durable joints. However, there are certain surfaces that wood glue does not stick to, which can be perplexing for crafters and DIY enthusiasts alike. While it may seem easy to assume that wood glue will bond to any surface, that is not always the case. In this article, we will explore the surfaces and materials that are not suitable for wood glue, and also discuss different types of glue that are better suited for specific bonding jobs. Keep reading to learn more about the limitations of wood glue and how to choose the right adhesive for your project.
Surfaces Wood Glue Does Not Stick To
When it comes to woodworking, wood glue is an essential component that helps to bond pieces of wood flawlessly. However, not all surfaces are suitable for wood glue application. It’s important to know which surfaces wood glue does not stick to to ensure that your woodworking project is successful. Let’s explore some of these surfaces in detail.
Metals
Metals are hard, chemically resistant materials that are used in various applications. However, wood glue does not work well with most metals due to their smooth surfaces and non-porous nature. This also means that using wood glue on metals can affect the bond strength and durability of the adhesive.
| Metal Type | Why Wood Glue Does Not Stick |
|---|---|
| Stainless steel | Non-porous surface that does not allow for proper bonding |
| Aluminum | Smooth and oily surface that resists adhesion |
| Brass | Chemically reactive and can cause the glue to break down prematurely |
| Copper | Acidic nature can corrode the glue and cause it to fail |
| Zinc | Can produce hydroxyl ions that neutralize the glue and deteriorate the bond strength |
If you need to bond wood to metal, it’s best to use a specialized adhesive like epoxy or cyanoacrylate glue. These adhesives are specifically designed to bond with metal surfaces and can provide a durable and strong hold. Additionally, you can use mechanical fasteners like screws or bolts to attach wood to metal.
Note: If you’re working with metal and wood, it’s important to take safety precautions and wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) to protect yourself from potential hazards.
Plastics
Plastics are materials that are ubiquitous in manufacturing and daily life, ranging from polyethylene to PVC. Unfortunately, many plastics also fall into the category of materials that wood glue cannot stick to reliably. Some plastics may have surfaces that exhibit anti-adhesive properties, or they may simply be too smooth for the wood glue to form a consistent bond. Here are some examples of plastics that are not suitable for use with wood glue:
- Polyethylene: This material is commonly used in plastic grocery bags, food containers, and water bottles. It is highly resistant to water, oils, and chemicals, which makes it difficult for wood glue to stick to it.
- Polypropylene: This plastic is used in a wide range of applications, including packaging, upholstery, and automotive parts. It has a low surface energy, which makes it difficult for most adhesives to bond with it effectively.
- PVC: PVC is a versatile plastic used in everything from pipes and window frames to flooring and apparel. However, it can be challenging to get wood glue to bond with its smooth, non-porous surface.
Some plastics can release chemicals and solvents that can weaken the bond of the glue, make sure surfaces are dry, clean, free of any kind of dirt, oil, or debris, and you have a proper environment.
In conclusion: While wood glue can bond a variety of surfaces, manufacturers specifically design some materials to be difficult for wood glue to adhere to. If you want to bond two different materials, it is best to use a specific adhesive that suits both surfaces.
Glass and Ceramic
Glass and ceramic surfaces can be challenging to bond with wood glue because they are non-porous materials. The smooth surface of the glass and ceramic does not allow the glue to seep into the material and create a firm bond. Additionally, these materials are quite slippery which makes it easier for the glue to lose its grip.
Instead of using wood glue on glass and ceramic surfaces, it is recommended to use adhesives designed specifically for non-porous materials. One option is cyanoacrylate glue, also known as super glue. This glue creates a strong and instant bond on non-porous surfaces.
Another alternative is epoxy, which is a two-part adhesive that creates a very strong and durable bond. It is important to note, however, that epoxy adhesive can be challenging to work with due to the complicated mixing process and the messiness involved.
Below is a table summarizing the effectiveness of wood glue on glass and ceramic surfaces and some alternatives that can be used instead.
| Material | Effectiveness of Wood Glue | Alternative Adhesive |
|---|---|---|
| Glass | Low | Cyanoacrylate glue or epoxy |
| Ceramic | Low | Cyanoacrylate glue or epoxy |
Note that these alternatives are not recommended for all materials that wood glue does not work well with. It is important to choose the appropriate adhesive for the surface material to ensure a strong bond.
If you’re interested in learning how to make fish glue, check out our guide here.
Non-Porous Surfaces
Non-porous surfaces refer to surfaces that do not allow the penetration of water or air. Examples of non-porous surfaces include metal, plastic, glass, and ceramics. Wood glue tends to struggle with these surfaces, as it needs to absorb into the material to create a strong bond.
| Non-Porous Surface | Reason |
|---|---|
| Metal | Wood glue does not adhere well to metal surfaces due to the smooth and non-porous nature of the material. |
| Plastic | Because plastic is non-porous, wood glue has a difficult time bonding with it. It is essential to select the right adhesive when working with plastic materials. |
| Glass and Ceramic | Glue does not adhere well to glass and ceramic surfaces as they do not allow water to seep through them. |
When working with non-porous surfaces, it is essential to select a suitable adhesive with better grip and bonding properties. Failure to do so can result in weak or no bonds, leading to weakened structures and compromised durability. If you’re unsure, it’s always best to test on a small, inconspicuous area before proceeding with a large project.
If you’re looking for more information about allergic reactions to surgical glue, click here. If you’re wondering what type of glue to use on your laptop, click here. And if you’re interested in creating a paper car without glue, click here.
Materials not Suitable for Wood Glue
When it comes to working with wood glue, there are some materials that simply aren’t suitable for use. While wood glue can be very effective in certain situations, relying on it to bond unsuitable materials can result in a weak and unreliable bond. It’s essential to understand which materials are not compatible with wood glue to ensure that your woodworking project is strong and long-lasting. In this section, we’ll explore some of the materials that you should avoid using with wood glue.
Concrete and Brick
When it comes to bonding concrete and brick, wood glue is usually not the best option. These materials are inherently porous, so it can be difficult for wood glue to form a strong bond. The high alkalinity of concrete can create issues with adhesion. If you need to bond concrete or brick, it’s best to use a specialized adhesive that is designed for these materials.
Some of the best adhesives for bonding concrete and brick include epoxy, construction adhesive, and polyurethane adhesive. These adhesives are designed to work with porous and heavy materials, providing a strong and durable bond.
Epoxy is a two-part adhesive that requires mixing right before use. It sets quickly and is extremely strong, making it ideal for construction projects. Epoxy works well on concrete and brick because it is able to penetrate the pores in these materials, forming a strong chemical bond.
Construction adhesive, also known as masonry adhesive, is designed specifically for bonding heavy materials like concrete and brick. It is formulated to provide a strong, long-lasting bond that can withstand harsh weather conditions and heavy use.
Polyurethane adhesive is a versatile adhesive that can be used on a variety of materials, including concrete and brick. It creates a very strong bond that is resistant to water, chemicals, and impact.
When it comes to bonding concrete and brick, wood glue is not the best option. These materials require specialized adhesives that are designed for heavy and porous surfaces. Consider using epoxy, construction adhesive, or polyurethane adhesive for the best results. If you need more information on adhesives, you can check out what is the best glue to learn more about different types of adhesives and their uses.
Fabric and Textiles
When it comes to fabric and textiles, wood glue is not a suitable adhesive. The reason is that these materials are often flexible and porous, which makes it difficult for the glue to penetrate the fibers and create a strong bond. Wood glue can cause discoloration and stiffness in fabrics, making it an undesirable option for sticking fabrics and textiles.
| Material | Suitable Adhesive |
|---|---|
| Cotton | BIM 360 Glue |
| Wool | Roach glue traps |
| Silk | Glue dots |
| Nylon | Slime made from a gallon of glue |
If you need to attach fabric or textiles to another material, there are various types of adhesives you can use instead of wood glue. For instance, you can opt for fabric glue, which is specifically designed for bonding fabrics and textiles. There are also spray adhesives that work well for securing fabrics together. Another option is hot glue, which can bond fabrics quickly and securely. However, it’s crucial to choose an adhesive that’s appropriate for the specific fabric you’re working with to ensure the best results.
Leather and Rubber
Leather and rubber are materials that wood glue will not usually bond to. This is mainly due to the fact that they are non-porous surfaces and do not provide the required surface for wood glue to adhere to.
Leather: Leather is made up of animal skin and has a smooth surface that hinders adhesion. Additionally, it contains oils and waxes that make it difficult for the glue to grip the surface. You may need to use specialized leather glues or contact cement to bond leather with other materials.
Rubber: Rubber is another material that is resistant to wood glue. It is a non-porous surface that inhibits adhesion. Using a specialized rubber adhesive like cyanoacrylate glue will give better results. The rubber glue will create stronger bonds between the surfaces.
| Materials | Wood Glue Compatible? | Alternatives |
|---|---|---|
| Leather | No | Leather glue, contact cement |
| Rubber | No | Cyanoacrylate glue, rubber adhesive |
When bonding leather or rubber to other materials, it is important to ensure that both surfaces are clean and free from dirt and oil. This will increase the chances of the bonding agent sticking and provide a stronger bond.
If you are working on a project that requires gluing together different types of materials, it’s important to choose the right glue for the job. Cyanoacrylate glue, also known as super glue, works well for bonding rubber to other surfaces, whereas hide glue is ideal for leatherworking projects.
However, if you are working solely with wood, then PVA glue is the most commonly used option as it is strong, dries clear, and is easy to work with.
While wood glue is a versatile adhesive, it does have its limitations, and it’s important to choose the right adhesive for the job. Leather and rubber are just a couple of examples of surfaces that wood glue will not bond to, but with the right adhesive, they can still be bonded effectively.
Polyethylene and Polypropylene
Polyethylene and polypropylene are types of thermoplastic polymers that are widely used in various applications. These materials are used to make a range of products, including plastic bags, food packaging, and toys. However, when it comes to bonding these materials with wood glue, it can be a challenge as they have low surface energy and are non-porous.
Wood glue is not recommended for use with polyethylene and polypropylene materials as it will not be able to create a strong bond. The low surface energy of these materials prevents the wood glue from adhering properly. The best option for bonding polyethylene and polypropylene is to use a glue that is specifically designed for these materials.
One type of glue that works well with polyethylene and polypropylene is cyanoacrylate glue. This glue forms a strong bond with these materials as it is able to penetrate the surface and create a chemical bond. However, it is important to note that cyanoacrylate glue can become brittle over time and may not be suitable for applications where flexibility is required.
Another option is to use a two-part epoxy adhesive. Epoxy is a strong adhesive that can bond a wide range of materials, and it is also effective at bonding polyethylene and polypropylene. This type of glue sets quickly and creates a strong, durable bond. However, it is important to follow the manufacturer’s instructions carefully when using epoxy as it can be difficult to work with.
If you need to bond polyethylene or polypropylene to wood, it is best to use a glue that is specifically designed for these materials. While wood glue may not be suitable for these applications, you can achieve a strong bond with cyanoacrylate glue or two-part epoxy adhesive.
| Material | Recommended Glue |
|---|---|
| Polyethylene | Cyanoacrylate Glue, Two-Part Epoxy Adhesive |
| Polypropylene | Cyanoacrylate Glue, Two-Part Epoxy Adhesive |
If you want to learn how to make homemade puzzle glue, check out our article on how to make homemade puzzle glue.
Wax and Oily Woods
Wood glue is not suitable for use with certain types of wood, and wax and oily woods are among them. The reason for this is that the oil and wax present in some woods can prevent the glue from forming a strong bond. The oil and wax create a barrier that repels the adhesive, prohibiting the glue from seeping into the wood fibers and binding them together.
The following table outlines some common types of wax and oily woods:
| Type of Wood | Description |
|---|---|
| Teak | A durable hardwood commonly used in outdoor furniture and boat building. Teak has high natural oil content that resists water and decay. |
| Rosewood | A dense and heavy tropical hardwood with a distinctive reddish-brown color. Some species of rosewood have a high oil content that can make bonding difficult. |
| Wenge | A dark-colored African hardwood with a high oil content. Wenge is often used in flooring, furniture, and decorative items. |
| Ipe | A popular hardwood for outdoor decking and furniture. Ipe contains natural oils and resins that make it resistant to rot and insects. |
If you are working with wax or oily woods, it is important to consider alternative methods of joining the pieces together. One option is to use screws or nails to secure the parts in place. Another alternative is to use a specialized adhesive formulated specifically for oily woods, such as polyurethane glue or epoxy glue. These types of glue are designed to bond even the toughest of materials, including oily and waxy woods.
Note: Before applying any adhesive to a wax or oily wood, it is important to properly prepare the surface by cleaning it thoroughly with a cloth dampened with denatured alcohol. This will help to remove any dirt, oil, or wax that may be present and provide a clean and porous surface for the adhesive to stick to.
Different Types of Glue for Different Jobs
Navigating the world of adhesives can be a confusing and overwhelming prospect. With so many options available on the market, it can be difficult to know which type of glue is best suited for a particular job. Fortunately, this section will provide an overview of different glue types and their recommended uses, allowing you to choose the right adhesive with confidence. Whether you’re a seasoned woodworker or a DIY novice, understanding the differences between epoxy, super glue, polyurethane glue, cyanoacrylate glue, PVA glue, and hide glue will help you achieve the best results for your project.
Super Glue
Super glue, also known as cyanoacrylate adhesive, is a popular and reliable adhesive for a variety of materials. It is an instant adhesive that bonds quickly and strongly, and it can be used on almost any surface. However, it is important to note that super glue is not suitable for every situation. Here are some things to consider when using super glue:
| Pros | Cons |
|---|---|
| Quick drying time | Not suitable for high-stress applications |
| Strong bonding capabilities | Does not work well on smooth surfaces |
| Can be used on a variety of materials | Can be difficult to remove if applied incorrectly |
| Easy to use and apply | May cause skin irritation and should be handled with care |
Super glue is a great option for small projects or repairs that do not require heavy-duty bonding. It is perfect for bonding wood, ceramic, and metal surfaces, but it may not be suitable for smooth or non-porous surfaces. It is also important to keep in mind that super glue does not work well for high-stress applications, as it can become brittle and break easily under pressure.
When using super glue, be sure to follow safety precautions and handle it with care. It can cause skin irritation and should not be ingested. Super glue is a reliable choice for a variety of projects as long as it is used properly and in the right situations.
Epoxy
Epoxy adhesives are amazing when it comes to creating strong bonds on a variety of surfaces. They consist of two parts – the adhesive and the hardener. Mixing these two components together starts a chemical reaction that turns the mixture into a strong adhesive. Epoxy is the go-to adhesive when you need to bond materials that other adhesives cannot handle.
| Pros | Cons |
|---|---|
| Strong Bond: Epoxy bonds strongly to a variety of surfaces, including metal, plastic, wood, ceramic, and glass. | Not Flexible: Epoxy is a very rigid adhesive and may not work well for materials that need to bend or flex. |
| Waterproof: Epoxy creates a waterproof bond, making it ideal for marine and outdoor applications. | Long Cure Time: Epoxy takes time to cure, making it less ideal for projects that require quick assembly or repairs. |
| Heat Resistant: Epoxy adhesive can withstand high temperatures, making it ideal for industrial applications that involve heat resistance. | Can Be Messy: Epoxy can be messy to work with, requiring careful handling and accurate measurements for proper bonding. |
While epoxy has many great qualities, it may not be the best option for all projects. For example, it may not work well with materials that need to remain flexible or bendable. Additionally, the long cure time may not be ideal for quick repairs or assembly needs. However, if you need a strong and waterproof bond for your project, epoxy is the perfect choice.
Polyurethane Glue
Polyurethane glue, also known as PU glue, is a type of adhesive that is known for its strong bond and versatility. It is particularly useful for bonding wood to other materials, such as metal and plastic. Here are some key features of polyurethane glue:
- Water resistant: Polyurethane glue is highly resistant to water, making it ideal for outdoor applications. It can withstand exposure to rain, snow, and humidity without losing its adhesive properties.
- Expands as it dries: One unique characteristic of polyurethane glue is that it expands as it dries. This allows it to fill gaps and create a stronger bond. However, it’s important to note that overapplication can cause excess foaming and create a messy result.
- Long curing time: Polyurethane glue typically takes longer to cure than other types of glue, usually around 24 hours. This means that it requires some patience when waiting for the bond to set. However, once it has fully cured, the bond is incredibly strong and durable.
- Can be sanded and painted: Unlike some other types of glue, polyurethane glue can be sanded and painted after it has cured. This makes it a great choice for woodworking projects where a smooth, finished look is desired.
Polyurethane glue is a great option for projects that require a strong, water-resistant bond and can withstand the longer curing time. It may not be the best choice for projects that require a quick fix, but it’s worth the wait for its unparalleled strength and durability.
Cyanoacrylate Glue
Cyanoacrylate glue, commonly known as super glue, is known to have extremely strong bonding properties and can stick almost anything together. However, like any other adhesive, it has some limitations. Here are some surfaces that cyanoacrylate glue is not suitable for:
- Porcelain
- Polyethylene
- Polypropylene
- Teflon
These materials have a low surface energy that repels the adhesive properties of cyanoacrylate glue. Despite its strong bonding properties, it does not work as effectively on these surfaces and may fail to form a solid bond. However, there are specialized versions of super glue that are formulated for use with these types of surfaces.
On the other hand, cyanoacrylate glue has been found to bond exceptionally well to various other surfaces, including:
- Metal
- Ceramic
- Rubber
- Wood
When using cyanoacrylate glue, it’s important to note that it sets quickly and forms a strong bond within seconds. This makes it an ideal adhesive for quick repairs and fixes. However, be careful when using this glue, as it can bond skin and other objects unintentionally.
While cyanoacrylate glue, or super glue, has excellent bonding properties, it is not suitable for certain surfaces. It’s always best to double-check the compatibility of the materials before using any adhesive.
PVA Glue
PVA glue, also known as polyvinyl acetate, is a popular type of wood glue. It is widely used in woodworking due to its quick drying time and strong bonding strength. PVA glue is ideal for joining wood to wood, making it a great choice for various DIY projects, furniture making, and other woodworking applications.
One of the benefits of PVA glue is that it dries clear, making it ideal for projects where the glue lines will be visible. It is also water-resistant when it dries, which means it can be used for outdoor projects as well as indoor ones. PVA glue is easy to use and can be cleaned up with water while it is still wet.
However, PVA glue is not suitable for all surfaces. It is not recommended for use on non-porous surfaces such as metal, plastic, or glass, as these surfaces do not offer a porous surface for the glue to bond to.
Here is a table highlighting the materials that PVA glue is and is not suitable for:
| Materials Suitable for PVA Glue | Materials Not Suitable for PVA Glue |
|---|---|
| Wood | Metal |
| Paper | Plastic |
| Foam | Glass and Ceramic |
| Leather | Non-Porous Surfaces |
| Textiles |
As seen in the table, PVA glue is suitable for use on various materials such as wood, paper, foam, and leather. However, it is not recommended for use on non-porous surfaces such as metal, plastic, glass, or ceramic.
PVA glue is a versatile and popular choice for woodworkers due to its quick drying time, strong bonding strength, and clear finish. However, it is important to note that it is not suitable for all surfaces and materials. It is always recommended to read the instructions and check the label before using any glue to ensure it is appropriate for the intended purpose and surfaces.
Hide Glue
Hide glue is a type of adhesive that is commonly used in woodworking. It is made from animal collagen, specifically from the hides of cows and horses, and has been used for centuries due to its strong bonding properties. Hide glue has a reputation for being one of the strongest adhesives available, as it can form an incredibly strong bond that can withstand even the toughest conditions.
Advantages of Hide Glue
One of the main advantages of hide glue is that it is reversible, which means that it can be undone if necessary. This is particularly useful for repairs, as it allows for easy disassembly of joints if they need to be adjusted or repaired. Additionally, hide glue does not have any solvents or volatile compounds, which makes it a safe and eco-friendly option.
Disadvantages of Hide Glue
One of the biggest disadvantages of hide glue is that it is not water-resistant, which means that it should not be used in situations where it will be exposed to moisture. As hide glue is made from animal collagen, it can also attract insects, which can be a problem in certain situations. Additionally, hide glue can take longer to dry than other types of adhesives, which can be an issue if a project needs to be completed quickly.
Uses of Hide Glue
Hide glue is often used in fine woodworking, particularly in the restoration of antique furniture. It is also commonly used in instrument making, as its strong bonding properties make it ideal for use in guitar and violin construction. Additionally, hide glue can be used in a variety of other woodworking projects, including joinery and cabinetry.
| Advantages of Hide Glue | Disadvantages of Hide Glue | Uses of Hide Glue |
|---|---|---|
| Reversible | Not water-resistant | Restoration of antique furniture |
| No solvents or volatile compounds | Can attract insects | Instrument making (guitars, violins) |
| Strong bonding properties | Longer drying time | Joinery and cabinetry |
Hide glue is an excellent choice for those looking for a strong and reliable adhesive for their woodworking projects. While it does have its limitations, it remains a popular choice for those in the industry due to its numerous advantages and the fact that it has been used for centuries.
Conclusion
In conclusion, while wood glue is a versatile and useful adhesive for many projects, there are certain surfaces and materials that it may not adhere to effectively. It’s important to note that factors such as surface preparation, application technique, and drying time can also affect the strength of wood glue bonds.
If you need to bond materials that are not compatible with wood glue, it’s important to select the appropriate type of glue for the job. Super glue, epoxy, polyurethane glue, cyanoacrylate glue, PVA glue, and hide glue are all viable options for different types of projects.
To ensure a successful bonding experience with wood glue or any other adhesive, be sure to carefully read and follow the manufacturer’s instructions. Proper surface preparation, application technique, and drying time can make all the difference in achieving a strong and lasting bond.
So, whether you’re working on a DIY project or a professional woodworking job, understanding the limitations and capabilities of wood glue can help you choose the right adhesive for the task at hand. With the right knowledge and approach, you can achieve strong and lasting bonds that will hold up over time.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can wood glue be used on metal surfaces?
No, wood glue is not suitable for use on metal surfaces.
Can I use wood glue on plastic surfaces?
No, wood glue does not adhere well to plastic surfaces.
Will wood glue stick to glass or ceramic surfaces?
No, wood glue is not recommended for use on glass or ceramic surfaces.
What types of non-porous surfaces will not bond with wood glue?
Non-porous surfaces such as metal, plastic, glass and ceramic do not bond well with wood glue.
Can wood glue be used on concrete or brick surfaces?
No, wood glue is not suitable for use on concrete or brick surfaces as they are porous and do not bond well with wood glue.
Can I use wood glue to glue fabric or textiles?
No, wood glue is not recommended for use on fabric or textiles.
Can I use wood glue to glue rubber or leather?
Wood glue is not suitable for use on rubber or leather surfaces.
Will wood glue bond with polyethylene or polypropylene materials?
No, wood glue does not bond well with polyethylene or polypropylene materials.
Can I use wood glue on oily or waxy woods?
No, wood glue is not recommended for use on oily or waxy woods as it may not form a strong bond.
What type of glue should be used for plastic surfaces?
Cyanoacrylate glue or epoxy are better suited for plastic surfaces.
