Discovery of Super Glue
Super glue, a substance known for its incredible adhesive strength, was discovered quite by accident. This remarkable material can bond to a variety of surfaces with exceptional grip, and it owes its existence to a moment of serendipity that occurred in a laboratory in the early 1940s. The glue’s origins, like many great inventions, were an unintended consequence of a search for something else entirely.
Original Use for Super Glue
The original aim behind the research that led to the discovery of super glue was not to create an adhesive product at all. During World War II, scientists were looking for materials to make clear plastic gun sights to be used by Allied soldiers. It was during this quest for optical plastic that a substance with extreme sticking power was stumbled upon. However, at the time, its stickiness was considered more of a nuisance than a beneficial property, and the discovery was set aside.
Inventor of Super Glue
Harry Coover and the Accidental Invention
The man behind the accidental invention of super glue was Dr. Harry Coover. He was a chemist at Eastman Kodak who first came across cyanoacrylates—the chemical family that super glue belongs to—while trying to develop a new precision gun sight. Coover initially rejected cyanoacrylates because they stuck to everything they touched. It was not until several years later that the true potential of this substance was realized.
Contributions to Cyanoacrylate Research
Harry Coover’s contributions to cyanoacrylate research are monumental. After its initial discovery, Coover revisited cyanoacrylates and explored their potential as an adhesive. In 1951, he recognized the unique ability of these substances to bond without the need for heat or pressure. This insight led to the development of a marketable adhesive that was eventually named “Super Glue.” Coover’s work paved the way for the myriad of adhesive products that are based on cyanoacrylate technology today.
History of Super Glue
First Super Glue Commercialization
The first commercialization of super glue occurred in 1958 when the product was made available for the general public. It was initially sold under the brand name “Eastman #910,” reflecting its origins within the Eastman Kodak Company. The product was an instant success, with consumers quickly recognizing its utility in bonding a wide array of materials.
Evolution and Improvement Over Time
Since its initial release, super glue has evolved significantly. The formula has been refined to improve bonding strength, decrease drying time, and reduce toxicity. Variants have been developed for specific applications, such as waterproof or heat-resistant versions. The packaging, too, has been improved over time to allow for easier and more precise application, helping to prevent the glue from drying out or spilling.
Chemical Formula and Composition
Chemical Formula of Super Glue
The primary ingredient in super glue is a cyanoacrylate monomer, typically ethyl-2-cyanoacrylate. The chemical formula for this compound is C6H7NO2. When in its monomeric form, it remains a liquid, but once it polymerizes, it becomes a strong adhesive.
Super Glue Ingredients and Their Functions
Apart from the key cyanoacrylate monomer, super glue may also contain additives that enhance its properties. For instance, stabilizers are included to prevent the glue from prematurely polymerizing in the bottle. Plasticizers may be added to increase flexibility, while thickeners can control the viscosity of the glue for different applications. Each ingredient serves a specific function, contributing to the overall effectiveness of the adhesive.
How Super Glue Works
The Science Behind the Bonding Process
Super glue works through a process called polymerization. The cyanoacrylate monomer reacts with moisture in the air or on the surfaces being bonded, causing it to polymerize and form long, strong chains. This chemical reaction transforms the liquid monomer into a solid polymer almost instantaneously, resulting in a very strong bond.
Factors Affecting the Strength of the Bond
Several factors can affect the strength of the bond formed by super glue. The presence of moisture is crucial, as it triggers the polymerization process. The types of surfaces being bonded also play a role; super glue works best on clean, non-porous surfaces. Temperature and humidity can influence the curing time and final strength of the adhesive. Additionally, how the glue is stored and applied can make a difference in its bonding abilities.
Applications and Uses of Super Glue
Original and Intended Uses
Originally, super glue was seen as a versatile adhesive for use in the household and industry. It was intended for bonding hard materials such as metal, plastic, and wood. Its strength made it ideal for quick repairs and simple assembly tasks. Over time, its use has expanded significantly.
Unconventional and Modern Uses
Today, super glue’s uses extend far beyond simple household repairs. It is used in medical procedures as a tissue adhesive for closing wounds, in forensic science for capturing fingerprints, and in hobbyist communities for constructing models. Its strong adhesive properties have even been employed in the automotive and aerospace industries for bonding components.
FAQs About Super Glue
Are you curious about the origins of the powerful adhesives that we use in everyday life? Our articles delve into the backstory of these sticky inventions. Find out the history behind one of the most well-known brands by reading about who made Gorilla Glue and the specifics on its creation at who created Gorilla Glue. If you’re more interested in the general history and applications of cyanoacrylates, commonly known as super glue, don’t miss our informative piece on how to use super glue effectively for your DIY projects or repairs.
Common Questions and Myths Debunked
Super glue is often surrounded by myths and misconceptions. Questions commonly arise about its safety, removal, and strength. For instance, many believe that super glue can bond one’s fingers permanently, but this is not the case; it can be removed with acetone. Similarly, there is a myth that super glue can only be used once before it dries out—modern packaging has largely solved this problem. People also frequently ask about the toxicity of super glue. While it is safe when used as intended, it should be handled with care and kept away from children and pets.
In conclusion, the invention of super glue was a fortuitous accident that has had a lasting impact on various industries and everyday life. Dr. Harry Coover’s accidental discovery and subsequent research into cyanoacrylates have given the world a powerful tool for bonding materials quickly and effectively. Its evolution over the years has seen improvements in formula, application, and safety, making it a staple in households and professional settings alike. The story of super glue is a testament to the potential of serendipity in scientific discovery and innovation.
